Class X – Social Science Sample Paper – 1

Ans. (d) A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4

Ans. (c) The Salt March to Dandi

Ans. (b) To defend the temporal powers of the Ottoman Emperor, the Khalifa.

Ans. (d) Non-Cooperation Movement

Ans. 1. The Rowlatt Act was an unjust law hurriedly passed by the Imperial Legislative Council in 1919, despite the united opposition of Indian members.

• It gave the government enormous powers to repress political activities and allowed for the detention of political prisoners without trial for two years.

Ans. 1. The war led to a huge increase in defence expenditure, which was financed by war loans and increasing taxes like customs duties and a new income tax.

2. Through the war years, prices of essential goods doubled, leading to extreme economic hardship for the common people of India.

Ans. 1. Expensive Khadi: Khadi cloth was often more expensive than mass-produced mill cloth, which poor people could not afford to buy for long.

2. Lack of Alternatives: The boycott of British institutions posed a problem because alternative Indian institutions like schools and courts were slow to be set up.

3. Return to British Institutions: Consequently, students and teachers began trickling back to government courts, weakening the boycott movement.

Ans. 1. Freedom of Movement: For plantation workers, freedom meant the right to move freely in and out of the confined spaces of the tea gardens where they were enclosed.

• Link to Village: It also meant retaining a link with the village from which thewy had come, a right denied to them under the restrictive Inland Emigration Act of 1859.
• Gandhi Raj: They believed the ‘Gandhi Raj’ was coming, a time when all their troubles would be over and everyone would be given land in their own villages.

Ans. 1. A Unifying Symbol: Mahatma Gandhi found in salt a powerful symbol that could unite the nation, as it was an essential item consumed by both the rich and the poor alike.

2. Oppressive Policy: The British government’s tax on salt and its monopoly over production was a policy that revealed the most oppressive face of colonial rule.

3. Mass Mobilization: The 240-mile march from Sabarmati to Dandi attracted thousands of people, who came to hear Gandhiji explain the meaning of swaraj and urge them to peacefully defy the British.

4. Initiation of Movement: On reaching Dandi, Gandhiji ceremonially violated the law by manufacturing salt from boiling sea water, which marked the beginning of the mass Vivil Disobedience Movement.

5. Nationwide Defiance: This symbolic act inspired thousands across the country to break the salt law, boycott foreign cloth, and refuse to pay taxes, transforming the march into a powerful, nationwide movement of resistance.

Ans. 1. Rich Peasants: Rich peasant communities, like the Patidars of Gujarat and Jats of Uttar Pradesh, were active participants. For them, swaraj was a struggle against high revenue demands.

2. Impact of Depression: They were severely affected by the economic depression and falling prices, so they organized their communities to participate in boycott programs.

3. Poor Peasants: The poorer peasantry had different goals. They were small tenants who wanted their unpaid rent to landlords to be remitted and often joined radical movements.

4. Tribal Peasants: Tribal peasants, for instance in the Gudem Hills of Andhra Pradesh, interpreted swaraj as a fight affected their livelihoods and traditional rights.

5. Cpongress’s Stance: The Congress was often reluctant to support the ‘no rent’ campaigns of poor peasants to avoid alienating its rich peasant and landlord supporters, leading to an uncertain relationship.

Ans. The image of Bharat Mata was first created by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay.

Ans. Abanindranath Tagore portrayed Bharat Mata as an ascetic figure who is calm, composed, divine, and spiritual.

Ans. Nationalists in the late nineteenth century collected and recorded folk songs, tales, and legends from villages to revive Indian folklore. They believed this was essential to discover India’s national identity and restore a sense of pride in a traditional culture that had been damaged by outside forces.

Ans. (A) Ahmedabad

(B) Chauri Choura

Ans. (c) Species are closely integrated through a multiple network of interdependencies.

Ans. (b) Extinct Species, Nicobar pigeon, Andaman wild pig

Ans. (b) Traditional beliefs and nature worship have played a crucial role in conserving biodiversity.

Ans. (c) The Beej Bachao Andolan in Tehri

Ans. (c) Rajasthan

Ans. (c) To maintain them for producing timber and other forest produce, and for protective reasons.

Ans. 1. Definition: Permanent forest estates’ is a term used to refer to Reserved and Protected forests collectively.

2. Purposes: They are maintained for the purpose of producing timber and other forest produce and for protective reasons like conservation of the ecosystem.

Ans. India has adopted a multi-pronged approach to conservation, justifying the statement.

1. Legal Framework: The government implemented the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act in 1972, which provided legal protection to habitats and banned the hunting of endangered species.
2. National Parks and Sanctuaries: Central and many state governments have established national parks and wildlife sanctuaries to provide protected areas where wildlife can thrive without human interference.
3. Specific Projects: The government announced several projects targeting specific, gravely threatened animals like the tiger (Project Tiger), the one-horned rhinoceros, and the Asiatic lion.
4. Community Participation: In many areas, local communities have been at the forefront of conservation. Examples include the Chipko movement against deforestation and the Bhairodev Dakav ‘Sonchuri’ created by villagers in Rajasthan.
5. Joint Forest Management (JFM): this programme formalizes the partnership between local communities and the Forest Department for managing and restoring degraded forests, sharing the benefits and responsibilities.

Ans. The depletion of flora and fauna in India is a result of several negative factors:

1. Habitat Destruction: The expansion of agriculture, industries, and urban settlements has led to the large-scale clearing of forests and wetlands, destroying the natural habitats of countless species.

2. Shifting Agriculture: In many tribal parts of India, ‘slash and burn’ (Jhum) agriculture has led to the deforestation and degradation of valuable forest lands.

3. Large-Scale Development Projects: The construction of massive river valley projects has submerged thousands of hectares of forests, leading to immense biodiversity loss. For instance, the Narmada Sagar project in Madhya Pradesh inundated a vast forest area.

4. Mining Activities: Mining operations, especially in the mineral-rich regions of Central and Eastern India, have caused severe deforestation, land degradation, and have disrupted wildlife corridors. The Buxa Tiger Reserve in West Bengal is threatened by ongoing dolomite mining.

5. Poaching and Hunting: Illegal hunting and poaching for commercial purposes, such as for skins, horns, and bones, have driven many species like the tiger and rhinoceros to the brink of extinction.

Ans. 1. According to the passage, species are classified based on the threat level to their survival and their population levels.

Ans. 2. Endangered species are currently in danger of extinction. In contrast, Vulnerable species are not yet endangered but their populations have declined to a level where they are likely to become endangered soon if negative factors persist.

Ans. 3. This statement is accurate because classifying species helps conservationists identify which species are at the greatest risk of extinction. By understanding whether a species is endangered, vulnerable, or rare, authorities can prioritize resources, create specific protection plans like ‘Project Tiger’ for endangered species, and implement targeted conservation strategies to prevent them from becoming extinct.

Ans. (P) Dam on Mahanadi River: Hirakud Dam.

Or

(q) Dam in Uttarakhand on Bhagirathi River: Tehri Dam.

Ans.

Ans. (b) I, II and IV

Ans. (c) The gains of economic growth are often disproportionately enjoyed by a small number of ultra-rich individuals.

Ans. (c) The right to information and the mechanism of transparency.

Ans. (a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.

Ans. To achieve this outcome, a democracy must fulfill two conditions:

1. Rule by Majority is Not Rule by Majority Community: It is necessary that rule by majority does not become rule by the majority community in terms of religion, race, or language.

2. Majority Works with Minority: The majority always needs to work with the minority so that governments function to represent the general view.

Ans. This public expression of dissatisfaction shows two successful outcomes:

1. Awareness and Expectation: It shows that people have developed awareness and the ability to expect things from those in power.

2. Transformation into Citizens: It transforms people from the status of a ‘subject’ into that of a ‘citizen,’ who can look critically at power holders.

Ans. This statement is correct for these reasons:

1. Democracy is a form of government, not a guarantee of specific outcomes like economic development or social harmony.

2. It can only create the necessary conditions for achieving something, such as ensuring political equality and individual freedom.

3. The citizens must use these conditions to achieve those goals; the final outcome depends on their active participation.

Ans. This statement highlights a major contradiction and challenge within many democracies.

1. Political Equality: Democracies are founded on the principle of political equality. All individuals have equal weight in electing representatives, with each adult citizen having one vote, and each vote having one value.

2. Economic Inequality: However, parallel to this process of bringing individuals into the political

arena on an equal footing, we find growing economic inequalities.

3. Concentration of Wealth: A small number of ultra-rich individuals enjoy a highly disproportionate share of the nation’s wealth and incomes. Their share in the total income has also been increasing.

4. Plight of the Poor: Those at the bottom of society have very little to depend upon, and their incomes have sometimes been declining. They find it difficult to meet their basic needs of life like food, clothing, housing, education, and health.

5. Failure to Address Poverty: In actual life, democracies do not appear to be very successful in reducing economic inequalities. Even though the poor constitute a large proportion of voters, democratically elected governments do not seem as keen to address the question of poverty as one would expect.

Ans. While democracies may have shortcomings, they are undeniably better than alternatives like dictatorships in one key aspect: legitimacy:

1. Definition of Legitimacy: A democratic government is a legitimate government. This is its most significant and defining outcome. 2. People’s Own Government: It is considered legitimate because it is the people’s own government. The rulers are elected by the people and are accountable to them.

3. Source of Support: This sense of ownership is why there is overwhelming support for the idea of democracy all over the world. People wish to be ruled by representatives elected by them. 4. Generation of Own Support: Democracy’s ability to generate its own support is itself an outcome that cannot be ignored. This popular backing gives it a legitimacy that non- democratic regimes can never have.

5. Superiority Over Alternatives: Even if a democratic government is slow, less efficient, and not always clean, its legitimacy makes it a superior and more stable form of government compared to any non-democratic alternative.

Ans. The dilemma is that democracy is seen to be good in principle, but felt to be not so good in its practice.

Ans. In principle, democracy is considered better because it promotes equality among citizens (or enhances the dignity of the individual, improves decision-making, etc.)

Ans. (i) Democracy is just a form of government that creates conditions for achieving something like freedom or development.

(ii) It is the citizens who have to take advantage of those conditions and achieve those goals. The outcomes depend on the active participation and awareness of the citizens.

Ans. (c) Tertiary Sector

Ans. (b) Because the value of intermediate goods is already included in the value of final goods.

Ans. (c) A teacher working in a government-registered school with a regular salary and benefits.

Ans. (d) Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Ans. (b) A guaranteed 100 days of wage employment to every rural household.

Ans. (b) 1-iii, 2-ii, 3-i, 4-iv

Ans. Classifying economic activities into primary, secondary, and tertiary sectors is useful because:

1. Understanding Structure: It shows the relative importance of agriculture, industry, and services in the economy.

2. Analyzing Growth: GDP contribution by each sector helps identify which sectors are growing or lagging.

3. Guiding Policy: This information aids policymakers in addressing unemployment and planning for balanced, inclusive economic development.

Ans. In India, the share of GDP and employment across sectors shows a mismatch:

1. GDP Shift: The tertiary sector’s share in GDP has grown significantly, while the primary sector’s share has declined.

2. Employment Stagnation: Despite this, many workers remain in agriculture; the employment shift has not matched the GDP change.

3. Primary Sector Dominance: About half of India’s workforce is still in the primary sector, indicating underemployment and low productivity in agriculture.

Ans. The key differences are:

1. Registration and Rules: The organized sector is registered by the government and has to follow its rules and regulations. The unorganized sector is largely outside the control of the government.

2. Job Security: In the organized sector, employment is secure with regular terms. In the unorganized sector, jobs are insecure, and workers can be asked to leave without reason.

3. Benefits: The organized sector provides benefits like paid leave, provident fund, and gratuity. The unorganized sector offers no such benefits.

Ans. The tertiary sector has become the largest producing sector in India due to several reasons:

1. Basic Services Demand: The government provides essential services like education, healthcare, banking, and law enforcement, increasing employment in this sector.

2. Support to Other Sectors: Growth in agriculture and industry raises demand for services such as transport, storage, and trade.

3. Rising Incomes: Higher income levels lead people to spend more on services like tourism, education, and entertainment.

4. Information Technology Boom: Rapid development in IT and communication has created new service opportunities and boosted productivity.

5. Globalisation Impact: Globalisation has expanded service-based jobs like call centers, software development, and data processing, making the tertiary sector the leading contributor to India’s GDP.

Ans. The public sector plays a vital role in a nation’s development, especially where the private sector may not invest.

1. Infrastructure Development: Large projects like roads, railways, bridges and dams require heavy investment, which only the government can afford.

2. Support to Key Industries: The government provides essential inputs like electricity and water at affordable rates to promote industrial growth.

3. Essential Services: Quality healthcare and education are provided by the government to ensure equal access for all, especially the poor. 4. Social Welfare: Through programmes like the Public Distribution System (PDS), the government ensures food security and helps the needy.

4. Public Welfare Motive: Unlike the private sector, the public sector focuses on social welfare rather than profit, promoting inclusive and sustainable development.