Class IX – Social Science – Paper – 1

Ans. a) Public Interest Litigation

Ans. c) Domestic chores

Ans. b) RPDS

Ans. b) A is true but B is false

Ans. a) Lebensraum

Ans. b) Both US in Iraq and USSR in Communist Poland

Ans. b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.

Ans. a) Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act.

Ans. d) B P Mandal

Ans. a) Nantes

Ans. d) A is true but B is false

Ans. a) equality

Ans. d) iv, i, iii, ii

Ans. b) Marie Antoinette

Ans. b) Begar

Ans. c) New Delhi

Ans. a) Gorge

Ans. b) Red October

Ans. c) Mid-day meal

Ans. d) India’s distance from Europe has been reduced

Ans. (i) Mt. Everest – 8,848 metres, Nepal

(ii) Kanchenjunga – 8,598 metres, India

(iii) Makalu- 8481 metres, Nepal

(iv) Dhaulagiri – 8,172 metres, Nepal

(v) Nanga Parbat – 8,126 metres, India

(vi) Annapurna – 8,078 metres, Nepal

(vii) Nanda Devi – 7,817 metres, India

(viii) Kamet – 7,756 metres, India

(ix) Namcha Barwa – 7,756 metres, India

(x) Gurla Mandhata – 7,728 metres, Nepal

Ans. A. This type of employment is caused due to mismatch in the size of population and the structure of the economy.

B. An underdeveloped infrastructure cannot provide employment to such a large population.

Ans. When the investment is made in the form of education, training and medical care, the quality of population improves and becomes a great asset. It is known as human capital. When the investment is made in the existing human resource for further development by becoming more educated and healthy is termed as human capital formation. The two sources of human capital formation are educated and health.

Ans. A. There is no guarantee that mistakes cannot be made in democracy.

B. No form of government can guarantee that. The advantage in a democracy that such mistakes cannot be hidden for long.

C. There is a space for public discussion on these mistakes. And there is a room for correction. Either the rulers have to change their decisions, or the rulers can be changed.

Ans. A. The FCI purchases wheat and rice from the farmers.

B. The farmers are paid a pre announced price for their crops.

C. This price is called Minimum Support Price.

D. The MSP is declared by the government every year before the sowing season to provide incentives to the farmers for raising the production of these crops.

Ans. (i) In Delhi,Mother Dairy is making efforts in providing milk and vegetables to the consumers at controlled rates decided by the government of Delhi.

(ii) Amul is a successful cooperative in milk and milk products from Gujarat.

(iii) In Maharashtra, Academy of Development Science (ADS) has facilitated a network of NGOs for setting up Grain Banks in different regions.

Ans. The people in Central Asia responded enthusiastically to the February 1917 Revolution because it freed them from the oppression of the Tsar region and they become masters of their land again. They expected to regain their autonomy. October Revolution, as it brought violence, robbery, extra taxes and another dictatorial power to rule over them. They feared now that their autonomy would be lost.

Ans. After industrialisation expanded in Russia women were employed in large numbers in most of the factories. In 1914 women composed 31% of the labour force in Russia. They were not paid equally and the working conditions were poor. Women play their active role in the revolution of 1917. Some of them staged a demonstration and led marches from the front. Under Soviet rule women equally participated in economic progress and development.

Ans. The advantages of having a healthy population are:

• A healthy individual is much more efficient and productive than an unhealthy individual.
• He or she is able to realize his or her potential, and play an important role in social and national development.

–      Absenteeism is low where the workers are healthy.

Ans. This decision of the court preventing Chinappa and Satbir from contesting elections does not go against the principles of democratic elections because both have been found guilty of breaking the law by the court. Criminals should not be allowed to hold a position of power because they are not good citizens and could harm the interests of the people.

Ans. Indian judiciary is considered one of the most powerful in the world because:

i. Mode of appointment and removal of Judges of Supreme Court and High Courts makes Indian judiciary powerful.

ii. Our Constitution has laid down very high and specific qualifications for the appointment of judges like Well-versed in the law and 5 to 10 years of experience as an advocate and a judge of the High Court respectively.

iii. Our judiciary is independent of legislative and executive control. It can take decisions independently.

Ans. a. In 1774, Louis XVI ascended the throne of France. He was 20 years old and married to Austrian princess Marie Antoinette.

b. Upon his accession, the new king found an empty treasury. Long years of war and the cost of maintaining an extravagant court had drained its financial resources.

c. Under Louis XVI, France helped the thirteen American colonies to gain independence from their common enemy, Britain. The war added more than a billion livers (currency) to a debt that went to more than 2 billion livers.

d. Lenders who gave credit to the state began to charge 10 percent interest on loans. So the French government decided to spend its increased percentage of the budget on paying interest alone.The state was forced to increase the taxes to meet the cost of maintaining its army, court, and government offices or universities.

Ans. A. In the past peasants and workers had participated in the revolts against increasing taxes and food scarcity. But they could not change the social and economic order. This was left to those groups within the Third Estate who had become prosperous and had access to education and new ideas.

B. The 18th century witnessed the emergence of social groups termed as middle class who earned their wealth through an expanding overseas trade and from manufacturing goods and exporting them.

C. In addition to merchants and manufacturers, the Third estate included professions such as that of lawyers or administrative officials. All of these were educated and believed that no group in society should be privileged by birth. Rather, a person’s social position must depend on his merit.

D. These ideas envisaging a society based on freedom and equal laws and opportunities for all, were put forward by philosophers such as John Locke and Jean Jacques Rousseau.

Ans. (i) During winter, a high pressure area develops north of the Himalayas.

(ii) Cold dry winds blow from this region to the low pressure areas over the oceans to the south.

(iii) In summer, a low pressure area develops over interior Asia as well as over northwestern India.

(iv) This causes a complete reversal of the direction of winds during summer.

(v) Air moves from the high pressure area over the southern Indian ocean in a southwesterly direction, crosses the equator and turns right towards the low pressure area over the Indian sub-continent.

(vi) These winds are known as south-west monsoon winds.

(vii) These winds blow over the warm oceans, gather moisture and bring widespread rainfall over the mainland of India.

Ans. A. The Western Cyclonic Disturbances are weather phenomena of the winter months.

B. They are brought in by the westerly flow from the Mediterranean region.

C. They usually influence the weather of the north and north western regions of India. The western cyclonic disturbances experienced in the north and north-western parts of the country are brought in by the westerly flow.

D. They bring rainfall in the states of Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar Pradesh.

E. Tropical cyclones occur during the monsoon as well as in October-November, and are part of the easterly flow.

F. This rainfall is very beneficial for the Rabi crops.

Ans. Unemployment is a situation when people willing to work at going to wages cannot find jobs.

Unemployment in Rural India:

i. The most dangerous unemployment in the rural area is seasonal unemployment. It exists when a person willing to work does not get work making their living conditions poor with no job and money. It is more common among people who are dependent on farming.

Unemployment in Urban India:

i. Educated employment is the most common unemployment in urban areas. It usually occurs in cities where there are educated or skilled people but no job opportunities. Hence, the people who should have been regarded as an asset becomes a liability. This increases the burden of production specially on employed people.

Ways to Minimise unemployment in rural areas:

i. The government should provide adequate skills and training to landless labourers and small farmers.

ii. Navodaya Vidyalayas should be opened to impart training and minimise future unemployment.

iii. Encouragement for plantation, horticulture, dairy farming, and animal husbandry should be given to villagers by providing them training and financial help.

Ans. The initiatives taken by the government to improve elementary education in India are:

i. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan aims at the universalisation of elementary education in a timebound manner, making it tree to children between the ages of 6 and 14 years, with a special emphasis on girls’ education. It has been embodied as a right under the Right to Education Act.

ii. Mid-day Meal scheme has been implemented to encourage attendance and retention of children and improve their nutritional status.

iii. Navodaya Vidyalayas (i.e. model schools) have been opened in each district as ideal schools, whose facilities and methods can be replicated, by other schools.

iv. Vocational streams have been developed to enable a larger number of high school students to find jobs in occupations related to knowledge and skills.

v. Bridge courses and back-to-school camps have been initiated to increase enrollment in elementary education.

Ans. Not True: Constitution is the supreme law. It describes how government is elected and the powers, rights of citizens and their protection. This is totally different than any other law. Constitution is the supreme law that determines the relationship among people living in a territory (called citizens) and also the relationship between the people and government.

Ans. True: The Constitution defines the role of the legislature, the executive and the judiciary and how they should be formed and by whom.

Ans. True: The Constitutional setup limits the power of government through different institutions and also talks about the right of citizens. As the supreme law of the country, the constitution determines the rights of citizens, the powers of the government and how the government should function.

Ans. Not True: The Constitution contains all the values which the institutions have to promote. The Preamble to the Constitution is a shining example of this and states clearly that justice, liberty, equality and fraternity have to be promoted. Secularism has to be followed and socialism and democracy should be the basis of the government.

Ans. A. As protests and struggles against apartheid had increased, the government realised that they could no longer keep the blacks under their rule through repression.

B. The White regime changed its policies. Discriminatory laws were repealed. Ban on political parties and restrictions on the media were lifted.

C. After 28 years of imprisonment, Nelson Mandela walked out of jail as a free man.

D. Finally at the midnight of 26th April 1994 the new national flag of Republic of South Africa was unfurled marking the newly born democracy in the world.

E. The apartheid government came to an end, paving the way for the formation of a multiracial government.

F. After the emergence of the new democratic South Africa, black leaders appealed to fellow blacks to forgive the whites for the atrocities they had committed while in power.

They said let us build a new South Africa based on equality of all races and men and women, on democratic values, social justice and human rights.

G. The party that ruled through oppression and brutal killings and the party that led the freedom struggle sat together to draw up a common constitution.

Ans. Moneylenders charging excessive interest are called Usurers. It is often used as a term of abuse.

Ans. The Nuremberg Laws meant that the ‘undesirables’ had no right to live along with the other citizens. These included Jews, Gypsies, ‘Blacks’ and other nationalities like Polish and Russian people.

Ans. Hitler’s hatred of Jews was based on pseudoscientific theories of race, which held that conversion was no solution to ‘the Jewish problem’. It could be solved only through their total elimination.

Ans. 8°4’N and 37°6’N

Ans. 68°7’E and 97°25’E

Ans. The latitudinal line that divides India into two equal parts is the Tropic of Cancer. Its latitudinal value is 23 1/2 N.

Ans. Women, elderly people and female infants are systematically denied equal access to resources available to the family. Therefore, they are the poorest of the poor.

Ans. i. The social groups most vulnerable to poverty are scheduled castes and scheduled tribes.

ii. Among the economic groups, the most vulnerable to poverty are the rural agricultural households and the urban casual labour households

Ans. In poor families all suffer, but some suffer more than others. Women, elderly people and female infants are systematically denied equal access to resources available to the family.

Ans. A. Ottoman empire

B. France

Ans.